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The Centre-Periphery Relationship in the Russian Federation and its Historical Development
Dlouhá, Tereza ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
Russia with its great area seems to demand dynamic changes. In last 25 years, this country came through fundamental changes. From Soviet undemocratic 'federal facade', through stormy transition period of 90's, rich especially on increasing of regional ambitions seeking power. Through elementary reforms led by Vladimir Putin, to contemporary situation. This bachelor thesis aims to research and describe changes of federal elements, which come along with, and to critically value their influence. Thesis is trying to discover real face of federalism in Russian Federations. Despite tighly connected net of formal and unformal practise. As its goal is trying to reach and demontrate conclusions of its research focused on the Republik of Tatarstan, our case-study. .
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The position of the Supreme Court in the American political system and the significance of its decision-making for the political procedure in the USA.
Zástěra, Martin ; Pithart, Petr (advisor) ; Kysela, Jan (referee)
The thesis "Role of the U.S. Supreme Court in American system of government and the importance of Court's decisions for the political process in the United States of America" deals with the institutional role U.S. Supreme Court has in American system of government and puts emphasis on Court's decisions and their practical consequences on the politics in the United States. In history of the country the Court was an influential decision-making body on many occasions. Although shortly after the federation was established many intended to put the Court in position where weak powers given to it would not enable the institution to fully play its role of the guardian that keeps an eye on the constitutionality of adopted laws, at the beginning of the 19th century the Court found its place and became exactly what it was originally intended to be. Decision in Marbury v. Madison gained the Court the crucial power of judicial review. The power of judicial review completely changed the role of the institution that finally became the guardian of the Constitution. This thesis outlines the institutional position of the judicial branch and especially the position of the Supreme Court in American system of government. It also focuses on the political aspects of the nomination process of Supreme Court Justices and...
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Judge-Made Law - Comparison between the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Supreme Court of the United States
Dumbrovský, Tomáš
JUDGE-MADE LAW COMPARISON BETWEEN THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Keywords: judge-made law; the European Union; the Court of Justice of the European Union; the Supreme Court of the United States; judicialization of governance; Kelsenian court; European constitutional space; European constitution; normativity; constitutional pluralism; sovereignty; federalism; post-communist states; new Member States of the European Union. Standard page (that is 1800 characters per page) and word count (including footnotes; without the contents, bibliography and annexes): 327 standard pages; 82 795 words. The Ph.D. thesis offers a complex reconceptualization of the constitutional system in the European Union. The constitutional systems of the Member States have been substantially transformed during the 20th century. Meanwhile a new constitutional system functioning in the Member States alongside their own systems has emerged - the constitutional system of the European Union. These two fundamental changes are difficult to grasp through an existing theoretical framework. That is because the framework is based on a set of outdated concepts: (i) Rousseau's concept of volonté générale that forms the basis of the parliamentary supremacy in a constitutional system; (ii)...
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Food Waste in the United States as an Issue of Federal Public Policy Making
Hlaváčková, Anna ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
The Master's thesis "Food Waste in the United States as an Issue of Federal Public Policy Making" analyzes the role of the federal government in dealing with food waste. It mainly focuses on federal legislation, but it also examines actions on the state level to illustrate the contrast between the two. In the thesis, the author examines the causes and sources of food waste, federal jurisdiction for intervention, and the history of passed legislation, as well as proposed legislation, and solutions. The main goal of the thesis is to demonstrate that federal involvement is fundamental in achieving any significant change, but so far has failed to do so. Primary literature consisting largely of bills, materials published by federal agencies, and reports by non-profit organizations were used to uncover the character of passed legislation. Academic secondary literature in the form of articles, reports, and factsheets offered context to understand the scope and impacts of the legislation. Analysis of those sources revealed federal authority to deal with the issue, as well as possible obstacles standing in the way of an extensive federal intervention. Research also showed that in the absence of federal action, some states have stepped up to introduce legislation to reduce food waste, but this legislation is...
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The Specific Role of Quebec within Canadian Fiscal Federalism
Bandžak, Richard ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
Canadian fiscal federalism is a set of complex relations on both federal and interprovincial levels. As each province faces different geographic, economic or demographic situation, federal government runs equalization program that aims to diminish potential economic gaps. Despite vaguely defined purpose, the transfers are unconditional - provinces could use them for any purpose they find appropriate. That could possibly cause distorted incentives such as flypaper effect in which politicians tend to adjust spending behavior according to source of income. Equalization payments are distributed based on potential capacity of each province to raise revenue. As Quebec has been the largest recipient of equalization grants with slow, if existent, convergence to the rest of provinces, it is subject of the analysis in the period from the year 1981, which marks breaking points in both Quebec and equalization system history, to 2016. Quebec tends to be blamed for taking advantage of the system by deliberately undervaluing its fiscal capacity through subsidized prices of electricity and by boosting its social expenditures. By incorporating descriptive statistics and discussion, this thesis concludes that Quebec's policymakers likely deliberately implement fiscal policies that in turn undervalue its fiscal...
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Constitutional consequences of the Lisbon treaty
Dekan, Jeroným ; Gronský, Ján (advisor) ; Reschová, Jana (referee) ; Svatoň, Jan (referee)
English abstract Constitutional consequences of the Lisbon treaty Work analyses constitutional implications of changes brought by the Lisbon treaty. In the first chapter, the beginning of the European integration is briefly described as well as the evolution of the European Union along with more detailed description of the negotiations and ratification of the Lisbon treaty. Second chapter contains information on constitutional characteristics of the European Union before the effect of the Lisbon treaty. Third chapter is aimed on the formal elements of the Lisbon treaty and contains thorough description of the global changes it has on the legal systems of the member states. Subject of the closing chapter is the effect the treaty have caused on the constitutional order of the Czech Republic. Foremost, integration provisions are analyzed, mainly with regards to the issues of state sovereignty, process of the ratification and approach of the Constitutional court of the Czech Republic to the preliminary assessment of the questions of mentioned sovereignty leading to the conclusion that even with the Lisbon treaty in effect, Czech Republic will remain sovereign country. Work is closed with short treatise on constitutional effects of respective changes enforced by the treaty approval on primary national legal...
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Recent reforms of federalism in German speaking countries
Chmel, Marek ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Reschová, Jana (referee) ; Šimíček, Vojtěch (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to acquaint the reader with the processes and the results of the recent reforms of federalism in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. It is remarkable that in spite of their historical, geographical and cultural proximity show these federal countries substantive differences in the institutional framework as well as in the execution of the reform procedures. This thesis considers also the potential possibility to (partly) apply the knowledge and experience of these reforms within the EU framework. Despite difficult comparison of the EU with the federal countries there are certain identical elements and processes, may it be the execution of the shared competences or reallocation of the public finances. In order to better understand these deliberations and due to the modest Czech literature on federalism and federations the thesis provides also historical perspective as well as broader theoretical background.
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Disputes Between States and Federation in the USA: A Case Study of Cannabis Legalization
Pohořská, Barbora ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
Bakalářská práce Spory mezi státy a federací v USA: Případová studie legalizace konopí Barbora Pohořská Abstrakt v anglickém jazyce This bachelor thesis focuses on relationships between the federal government and the state governments in the United States. The paper tries to find out how the conflicts between the two players in the case of marijuana legislation are resolved. Marijuana is considered to be illegal under the U. S. federal law. Some states, however, the use, possession, and cultivation of limited amount of the drug under different conditions allow. Because of that, a conflict of federal and state laws occurs. This paper tries to determine how such conflicts are resolved; whether the federal legislature prevails the state one or vice versa, or whether the parties approach some mutual compromise. The paper characterizes federal and state marijuana legislation, and deals with the attitudes and reactions of the federal authorities and the courts to state laws. It also recognizes recent change in attitude of the federal authorities, which tends to confirm the assumption that the states and the federation coexist together in a certain way.
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The financial equalization in Germany
Lang, Marek ; Blahak, Boris (advisor) ; Knoll, Ursula (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the annual equalization payment system in the Federal Republic of Germany. The first theoretical part is concerned with the mechanisms, by means of which the funds are allocated to the single federal states. The financial equalization of the year 2012 is presented in detail. The second practical part looks into an analysis of the present discours on the legal action against the current equalization payment system with the Federal Contitutional Court and also into the reaction of the two major political parties on the legal action. It is also examined to which extent the interests of both of the political parties in the federal states correspondent with the Germany-wide ones. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Centre-Periphery Relationship in the Russian Federation and its Historical Development
Dlouhá, Tereza ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
Russia with its great area seems to demand dynamic changes. In last 25 years, this country came through fundamental changes. From Soviet undemocratic 'federal facade', through stormy transition period of 90's, rich especially on increasing of regional ambitions seeking power. Through elementary reforms led by Vladimir Putin, to contemporary situation. This bachelor thesis aims to research and describe changes of federal elements, which come along with, and to critically value their influence. Thesis is trying to discover real face of federalism in Russian Federations. Despite tighly connected net of formal and unformal practise. As its goal is trying to reach and demontrate conclusions of its research focused on the Republik of Tatarstan, our case-study. .
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